ISBN:
0393356582
Title: Army of None Pdf Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War
Author: Paul Scharre
Published Date: 2019-03-12
Page: 448
“A tour de force of the future of war technology…A highly readable journey through the world of robots on the battlefield and beyond.” - P.W. Singer, author of Wired for War and Ghost Fleet“One of the most interesting books on military affairs that I have read in some time.” - Thomas E. Ricks, New York Times Book Review“A must-read for anyone interested in AI and the future of warfare.” - Task & Purpose“An authoritative and sobering perspective on the automated battlefields that will very soon come to characterize military conflict.” - Science“In this comprehensive analysis, Scharre moves beyond the clichés of 'killer robots.'” - Lawrence D. Freeman, Foreign Affairs“Army of None delivers what will likely be the most important general-audience book on this topic for at least the next decade.” - Lawfare“A one-stop guide book to the debates, the challenges, and yes, the opportunities that can come from autonomous warfare.” - Techcrunch“A sober, policy-focused primer on what is coming…written in an interesting and accessible manner.” - War on the Rocks A former U.S. Army Ranger who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, Paul Scharre is the director of the Technology and National Security Program at the Center for a New American Security. He has written for the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, Time, Foreign Affairs, and Politico, and he appears frequently on CNN, FOX News, NPR, MSNBC, and the BBC. He lives in Virginia.
"The book I had been waiting for. I can't recommend it highly enough." ―Bill Gates
The era of autonomous weapons has arrived. Today around the globe, at least thirty nations have weapons that can search for and destroy enemy targets all on their own. Paul Scharre, a leading expert in next-generation warfare, describes these and other high tech weapons systems―from Israel’s Harpy drone to the American submarine-hunting robot ship Sea Hunter―and examines the legal and ethical issues surrounding their use. “A smart primer to what’s to come in warfare” (Bruce Schneier), Army of None engages military history, global policy, and cutting-edge science to explore the implications of giving weapons the freedom to make life and death decisions. A former soldier himself, Scharre argues that we must embrace technology where it can make war more precise and humane, but when the choice is life or death, there is no replacement for the human heart.
Is a Total Ban on Fully Autonomous Operating Weapon Systems Realistic? As a former U.S. Army ranger and a current Pentagon defense expert, Paul Scharre clearly explores the strategic, legal, and ethical pros and cons of the three degrees of autonomy, i.e. sophistication and intelligence, in weapons systems.Autonomous weapon systems can be subdivided into:1) semi-autonomous weapon systems (human in the loop), e.g. the homing munitions;2) supervised autonomous weapon systems (human on the loop), e.g. the U.S. ship-based Aegis combat system;3) fully autonomous operating weapon systems (human out of the loop), e.g., the Israeli Harpy.Mr. Scharre convincingly demonstrates to his audience that artificial intelligence (AI) systems can outsmart humans in narrow tasks but fall short of humans in general intelligence. For example, the U.S.-led coalition lost several aircrafts due to U.S. Patriot fratricides during the second Gulf War. In reality, the blame for these fratricides was to be assigned to the weapon system …. and some of its human operators who lack the required critical mindset to make the right calls.Furthermore, the degree of autonomy granted to weapon systems does not exist in a vacuum. It also depends on what the (potential) adversaries of the U.S. are able and willing to do for gaining an edge on the U.S. This arm race could ultimately undermine the idealized centaur model of human-machine teaming in war.Unsurprisingly, some non-profit organizations and smaller states strive for deliberately banning fully autonomous weapons due to what they consider the accountability gap in their performance. Think for example about crisis stability, escalation control, and war termination. These non-profit organizations and smaller states consider the international humanitarian law (IHL) principles of distinction, proportionality, and other rules insufficient in the presence of fully autonomous weapons. In a nutshell, their template is the generally successful bans on land mines and cluster munitions. Alternatively, some form of regulations on the use of fully autonomous weapons could come from the countries with the most to lose from a total ban, i.e. those with the most advanced military.In the meantime, technology in autonomous weapon systems presses forward at full speed.
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